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When the French began to create colonies in the southeastern part of Asia, French explorers spread out throughout the region in search of whatever of value they could find. One of them, Father F. Savina, a Catholic priest, was not seeking treasure but conversions; he was looking for people who might wish to become Catholic.
He settled in with the Hmong in their highland villages, and there he studied the Hmong language in great detail, learning it well. Finally, he published a book in about the Hmong in which he declared that, after much thought, the Hmong language was related to other languages from places far away, such as Mongolia, the southeastern part of Europe, and even Turkey. This means the definition of a word will change depending on the tone with which it is spoken.
In the s, the Qing Dynasty made it illegal to write the Hmong language. So, Hmong became an oral language. In the s, a Christian missionary created a new written Hmong language based on the Romanized Popular Alphabet. An illiterate peasant name Shong Lue Yang also created a written Hmong language in These dialects were named after the colors traditionally worn by the women in each group.
Dananshan is a third Hmong dialect. Most Hmong Americans speak either the white or green dialect. Hmong words are short and contain one syllable. Most share the same basic pattern of a consonant group followed by a vowel. Sometimes, the word ends in another consonant. A few other monosyllabic languages are found throughout Southeast Asia. Most monosyllabic languages, like Hmong, are tonal. The tones help distinguish the meanings of these short words.
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